![]() During the procedure, an incision is made over the knee to access the joint. The total knee replacement surgery is typically performed in a hospital setting under general and/or spinal anesthesia. These artificial parts or implants allow the joint to move smoothly, so the patient experiences pain relief and a better quality of life. The cartilage within the knee joint is replaced with a prosthesis made of metal and plastic. In a total knee replacement surgery, the goal is to replace the damaged cartilage within the knee. With better implant materials and improved designs, implant longevity and patient outcomes have continued to improve. Since 1974, the advances in the design of the modern knee replacement have been dramatic. This total condylar knee was the first of its kind to address all aspects of the knee with an anatomically shaped design. Their introduction of the “total condylar knee” allowed the first accurate reconstruction of the knee joint. John Insall and Chit Ranawat in New York. Modern Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) or replacement surgery was introduced in 1974 by Drs. These conditions can all result in progressive damage to the cartilage, ultimately causing the bones to rub together (“bone-on-bone” arthritis) and leading to pain and stiffness. Other types of arthritis that can affect the knee joint include rheumatoid arthritis, post-traumatic arthritis- in which a previous knee injury results in damage to the cartilage- and less common causes such as psoriatic arthritis and osteonecrosis. It is the presence of the cartilage, working together with muscles, tendons and ligaments, that allows a healthy knee to bend knee easily, without pain or discomfort.Īrthritis – particularly osteoarthritis, the “wear and tear” type of arthritis that is the most common form of arthritis – is a condition in which there is damage to this articular cartilage within the knee joint. In a healthy joint, a layer of smooth hyaline or articular cartilage covers and cushions the bone ends. The knee cap (the patella) glides over the end of the femur when the knee moves. The knee is a joint between the end of the thigh bone (the femur) and the top of the shin bone (the tibia). ![]()
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